In essence, this is a fun read about Smart cards. What they are, why they are and what they are for. Of course this is just the beginning…

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HID Contactless Smart Cards

Technology companies such as HID Global provide the industry’s broadest array of ID cards-based devices (called Credentials) such as Cards, Tags and KeyFobs. They offers single technology to multi technology security device including contact chip-based card. (Smart Cards) including non-technology cards with visual security features.

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What is a Smart Card you ask?

smart cardchip card, or integrated circuit card (ICC or IC card) is a physical electronic authorization device, used to control access to a resource. It is typically a plastic credit card-sized card with an embedded integrated circuit (IC) chip.[1] Many smart cards include a pattern of metal contacts to electrically connect to the internal chip. Others are contactless, and some are both.

Cards can provide personal identificationauthentication, data storage, and application processing.[2] Applications include identification, financial, mobile phones (SIM), public transit, computer security, schools, and healthcare. Smart cards may provide strong security authentication for single sign-on (SSO) within organizations. Numerous nations have deployed smart cards throughout their populations.

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Above is one of the first smart card prototypes, created by its inventor Roland Moreno around 1975. The chip has not yet been miniaturized. On this prototype, one can see how each pin of the microchip (center) is connected to the exterior world by a copper connector.

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History

The basis for the smart card is the siliconintegrated circuit (IC) chip.[4] It was invented by Robert Noyce at Fairchild Semiconductor in 1959. It was made possible by Mohamed M. Atalla‘s silicon surface passivation process (1957) and Jean Hoerni‘s planar process (1959).[5][6][7] The invention of the silicon integrated circuit led to the idea of incorporating it onto a plastic card in the late 1960s.[4] Smart cards have since used MOS integrated circuit chips, along with MOS memory technologies such as flash memory and EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory).[8]

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Invention

In the beginning the idea of incorporating an integrated circuit chip onto a plastic card was first introduced by two German engineers in the late 1960s, Helmut Gröttrup and Jürgen Dethloff.[4] In February 1967, Gröttrup filed the patent DE1574074[9] in West Germany for a tamper-proof identification switch based on a semiconductor device. Its primary use was intended to provide individual copy-protected keys for releasing the tapping process at unmanned gas stations.

In September 1968, Helmut Gröttrup, together with Dethloff as an investor, filed further patents for this identification switch, first in Austria.[10] In 1969 as subsequent applications in the United States,[11][12]Great Britain, West Germany and other countries.

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First Smart Card

First smart card manufactured by Giesecke & Devrient in 1979. Already with the finally standardized dimension (ID-1) and a contact area with eight pads (initially on the upper left corner)

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